1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。

　　如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。

　　2. 倒装句的构成

　　a 完全倒装

　　将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。

　　Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?

　　Now comes the chance. 机会来了。

　　b 部分倒装

　　只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：

　　Has he come? 他来了吗?

　　Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。

　　Only in this way can we do the work better.

　　只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。

　　3. 倒装的原因

　　a 句子语法结构的需要。例如：

　　Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?

　　Long live peace! 和平万岁!

　　b 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

　　Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

　　c强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：

　　Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

　　Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

　　Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

　　4. 倒装句的基本用法

　　a 构成疑问句除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外：

　　When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?

　　Have you seen the film? 你看了那部*吗?

　　b 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:

　　Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

　　Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!

　　c 副词only+状语放在句首时:

　　Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

　　Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

　　d 含有否定意义的副词或连词如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等放在句首时:

　　Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

　　Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

　　Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

　　火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

　　e 副词so或 neithernor在句首:

　　He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

　　He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

　　f 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

　　Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

　　2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：

　　He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看*了，我也去了。

　　如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如：

　　His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看*，他就去了。

　　“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。”

　　3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如：

　　No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。

　　However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。

　　Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。

　　4. 在虚拟语气中，如果非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如：

　　Were he younger = If he were younger, he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。

　　Should they forget = If they should forget to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

　　如果他们忘记带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。

　　Had they realized = If they had realized how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

　　accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不致2021教师资格证作文押题于拒绝接受这项任务。